Languages & Cultures of East Asia

Trad 101, Sections 18-19-20-21   Fall 2000

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Lecture Outline, 11/6/00 - Words in Japanese and Korean

Japanese and Korean words

native words

Sino-Japanese or Sino-Korean words
    often invented in the country

    Japanese:
         society
         shakai (social group)

loanwords
    JPN:
         koohii
         konpyuutaa
         miruku
         teeburu

    Korean:
         khemphywuthe
         lepu
         milkhu
         theyipul

Japanese
     Sino-Japanese words (60%)
     Native words (30%)
     Other loan words (10%)

Korean
     Sino-Korean words (55%)
     Native words (40%)
     Other loan words (5%)

English
     Latinate words (55%)
     Germanic words (35%)
     Other loan words (10%)

loanword phenomena in Japanese

a) pronunciation
     tesuto
     sutoraiku
     maruchipuru choisu

b) meaning specialization/change
     sutoraiku
     sutoraiki
     manshon

c) Japanese English
     handoru (<handle)
     bakku miraa (<back + mirror)

d) abbreviation
     suto (<sutoraiki < strike)
     OL (<office + lady)
     sekuhara (<sexual + harassment)

           native   S-J       loan
    'inn'  yadoya  ryokan  hoteru
    'rice' meshi    gohan   raisu

English:
         Germanic       Latinate
         help              paid
         begin            commence
         hide              conceal
         happiness      felicity
         deep             profound
         wish              desire